Livestock Farm
Chapter 1044:Livestock Farm
In the area where the large-scale corn is grown on a large scale, the Navy has prepared in advance, has planned various feed factories and farms, and has been fully prepared, while the outbreak of production capacity is after the corn harvest.
Set to move, this has always been the tradition of the entire fixed navy, in the previous design, has been done a comprehensive preparation, taking into account how many feed mills, can digest these straws, and even a certain degree above, some margin, that is to say, even in the end, the feed factory will be idle for half a year, can accept, after all, this is the first batch.
Under such a state of mind, under such comprehensive preparation, corn from the moment of harvest, is the busy time of the feed mill.
More than 2 million acres, say more, really not much, according to a square kilometer 1500 acres to calculate, add up to only 1300 square kilometers so large, if concentrated together, that is, the size of a larger city.
In fact, in order to strengthen management, in order to ensure efficiency, this is placed in a small plain not far from Shenyang, relatively far from the industrial area, and the water is beautiful.
A total of 2,500 square kilometers of land, in the core area, set up corn planting farmland, down, but more than 50 kilometers of square.
The traffic conditions of its own are good, and a number of inter-section roads have been built, that is to say, with the help of carriages, the straw that has been harvested can be quickly transported to the feed factory.
According to a feed factory radiation of 120,000 mu, but only 80 square kilometers, as long as the feed factory distribution is appropriate, the farthest distance, from the feed plant, will not exceed 10 kilometers, which is greatly convenient for transportation.
In the combination of local transport and movement of means of transport, transport costs are almost negligible, coupled with maize stalks, production in the field, almost reduces the price of feed to a minimum.
Corn stalks, is an important raw material for the production of feed, in the test field planting, began to work, to be honest, very simple, if it is green storage, it is more simple, directly in accordance with the previous green storage method.
However, in the study of the Navy, several different methods have been summarized, for example, the most widely used in the construction of feed factories is ammonia and glycation.
The former is chemistry, the latter is a micro-organism, are obtained through research, through ammonia, part of the corn straw material, converted into ammonium salt, enhance his nutritional value, as for the glycation of the latter, is also a similar, is a multiplier method.
At the same time, if it is just corn straw, it is crude feed, which is the most important and stable in animal husbandry, but if you do not add the refined feed to make some adjustments, it will cause some diseases, and the growth rate of meat often does not meet expectations.
What is food, to put it plainly, is to increase a variety of trace elements, amino acid proteins and the like, has reached a certain balance, and then promote the growth of livestock.
The Navy has no basis in the feed, Zhao Xin does not know, but Zhao Xin knows that the nutritional balance, in general, if you want to grow meat, fresh water compounds are necessary, no carbohydrates, you can not form fat, improve the total amount of meat, but simply carbohydrates, can not grow in a comprehensive way, must have a certain amount of protein, so as to ensure the health of livestock, while the amount of meat is also more.
At the same time, in order to increase the yield of certain things, such as eggs, milk and other physical fitness, very good things, protein addition, is also essential, without this, the production of eggs and milk, will not be high.
As Zhao Xin knows, traditional methods are mainly beans flour, bean cakes, or some plants such as legumes, beans and plants, beans and plants, naturally have root tumor bacteria, can artificially fix nitrogen, increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and protein.
Soybeans have long been planted, in the Navy's large-scale development of food crops at the same time, soybeans as an important economic crop, is an important source of vegetable oil, has been large-scale planting, especially in the northeast, the cultivation of soybeans has unique conditions, after the Navy occupied the land of Liaoguo and the land in the north, the scope of planting is very large, accounting for almost one-tenth of all the northeast land.
These harvested soybeans, in addition to making tofu, sprouts, and oil, produce soy cakes that are often fed as feed to horses.
Bean cake can help the horse, not let the horse fall, in the feudal society, the horse is an important tool of war under the premise, often before the war, to cultivate enough, increase fat, but in the war, or large-scale transfer and combat, the horse is to be consumed, under constant consumption, only a large number of supplementary protein can be.
This use is the simplest use, before the most is crushed, mixed with hay powder, for use, now, you can use the feed above, they are mixed with corn stalks, the effect is better.
At the same time, a large number of fish and algae caught from the deep sea, not every one can be eaten by people, has been found in thousands of kinds of algae, can be used by humans, only a small part, although most of the fish can be taken, but a small part of the taste is not very good, under the premise of having a better choice, they are processed, made into fishmeal, to feed protein, is also a good choice.
Bean cakes, the roots and plants of beans, as well as fish meal composed of fish, and some other materials, these together form the main material of the feed, which, if it is coarse feed, almost 90%, is the corn plant, if it is refined feed, the number of plants will be greatly reduced, reduced to 40%, or even below, and then add some high protein, high nutrition things to achieve the purpose of nutrition.
The establishment of a large number of feed plants, the steam engine has begun to roar in the vicinity of the farm, which belongs to the mechanical force, a large number of vehicles, the plant is constantly imported into the feed factory, fresh corn plants, prone to decay and spoilage, must be treated, most of them are dried to remove moisture, and then refrigerated, few of them are directly complete, and some green storage.
At the same time as the construction of the feed factory, the green storage feed is also carried out at the same time, this is more easy than the feed factory, even in the northwest, the northern Song, which did not have a foundation at that time, can be carried out with the help of personnel sent by the Navy, to complete the green storage feed, large-scale breeding, not to mention the Navy, the technicians in the farm, can be carried out, let alone special construction of factories.
Basically, some factories are more suitable for green storage, at the same time, there are a large number of mechanical equipment, can save the physical strength of workers, after all, green storage feed, can not be a large-scale reduction of the weight of straw, the entire processing volume is very large, the same, labor costs are huge.
Green storage feed, this is very familiar things, as long as there is a certain standard plant, as well as the construction method, in accordance with this can be carried out, the key to the whole construction is the feed factory under the livestock center.
In the fixed navy, from the initial establishment of the Navy, began to promote animal husbandry, but this speed is not very fast, after all, in some places, even people can not eat enough, not to mention let the animals eat, that is, the northwest won, and after the Liaoguo occupied, it has achieved strong development, but in large-scale breeding, there is not much investment.
This is mainly the problem of feed, large-scale centralized farming, not only need a certain breeding method, a certain ability to prevent diseases, but also need a large number of food.
With food, is the simplest, but the most undesirable, perhaps ornamental, or some of the higher value of farming, you can use food, but ordinary captive farming, can not use food, if the use of food, conversion ratio, the price of meat, will be too high to bear the degree.
Even if the Navy has a huge food security, it is impossible to use this method, just try a little, accumulate experience, that is, in the large-scale cultivation of corn, the future of the feed will be a lot of premise, will choose.
In terms of breeding, in the past era, cattle and sheep are the main, in the vast grassland above, is a natural breeding land, among them, in addition to cattle, other, is not suitable for the use of captive methods.
Cattle breeding, in the Northern Song Dynasty, in Liaoguo, there are some cattle breeds, but the main purpose of the Navy breeding their main purpose is to produce milk, meat is secondary, although the beef is good, but the cattle are not good, not good breeding, but there will be problems.
In the future, the largest number of breeding, but also the most common, one is a pig, one is chicken, the former is omnivorous, eat everything, as long as the feed is produced, they can quickly gain weight, there is no technical content, the latter is divided into two kinds, broiler and laying chicken, the former is mainly meat, the latter is based on eggs.
The Navy is equal in these two, in the green storage base as the core of the farm, respectively, under the jurisdiction of 10 breeding base groups, a breeding base group is 800 pigs pig base, 100,000 chicken broilers and laying chickens base.
Taking the pig base as an example, with the application of feed, the use of fine feed and coarse feed, the pig's release time is greatly reduced, ordinary farmers feeding, may take more than a year, or even two years, a year out of the market, the volume of pigs is not very large, but under the premise of concentrated captivity, with the help of feed feeding, the time of the exit can be controlled in about 7 to 8 months.
Croat chicken is even more terrible, can reach 2 months out of the market, while the weight is far greater than the rural free-range chicken, as for the eggs, because China temporarily, there is no later generation of the kind, strong laying hens, most of China's chickens are not very high, even if there is a special cooperation, but only to ensure that one per day, the head of the egg, the original red shell of the egg is not the next generation, but this has been a huge increase.
800 pigs, an average of 300 pounds, 7 months out of the market, the average monthly, in about 32,000 pounds, a year down, close to 200 tons, this number is very considerable.The number of broiler chickens is a little larger, about 100,000 pounds per month, 600 tons a year.
At present, 2 million acres of land, a total of 16 feed factories, 160 livestock factories, which means that every year, about 320,000 tons of pork, there are close to 960,000 tons of chicken, and hundreds of millions of eggs.
Of course, the amount of feed is enough to give these farms full capacity operation, because such a huge amount of breeding, the demand for feed is huge, but the feed output is also very huge, 2 million acres of land, if the corn orange terrbum is all used, can be made into about 8 million tons of feed.
Because more than half of them are crude feed, the conversion ratio of coarse feed is not high, it is probably more than 10, and the conversion rate of fine feed is below 3, so that the average down is the conversion ratio of 5.
That is to say, 8 million tons of feed, can actually produce 1.6 million tons of meat, not the limit of current production, the two add up to only 1.28 million tons, there are some differences, but the error is still basically, acceptable.
As for the output of the current livestock base, according to the annual intake of 40 pounds of meat per person, the entire breeding base can supply 64 million people, which is almost the vast majority of the current Navy population.
Perhaps, in the future, with the further extensive cultivation of corn, with the emergence of a large number of these breeding plants, the per capita meat intake will be raised to a certain level, but even similar to the future, the per capita is basically 60-80, in the future, there is no need to popularize the feed factory to every piece of land above, even if it is popularized to a certain part, it can also support the Navy's protein and meat intake.
Of course, meat is only one aspect, the key is the intake of milk and eggs, cows, farmed on the prairie, at most auxiliary a little fine feed, eggs, in these green storage of feed farms is enough.
At present, 2 million acres of land, the eggs produced every day are an astronomical number, in addition to supplying the entire fixed navy, but also can serve as a certain raw material.
In the year of the corn harvest, the biggest change in the Navy is still meat, although, in the past, because of the large-scale fishing in the sea, given the Navy enough meat to eat, but unless there is no way to do, there is a choice of meat and no meat, the people of the Navy will choose fish, otherwise, most people, do not adapt to eating fish, occasionally beating teeth, often eat it.
The appearance of pork and chicken is to fill the gap in the Navy, the previous pork and muscle, although in the meat, is low, but also much higher than the fish, is more high-grade meat, but with the spread of the farm, even if the corn has not been completely popularized, throughout the entire Navy, but the price of pork and muscle began to decline significantly, becoming the most important supplement to the Navy in the side food.
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