The saponification reaction of oil and fat has been learned in the secondary school textbooks of future generations, and it is not difficult.

There is nothing special about what Tang Yi has to do, but it is more refined.

He first soluble in the water, made lime slurry, and then poured the soda into it.

Soda is also soda powder, the main component is sodium bicarbonate, and lime solution, that is, calcium hydroxide solution reaction, the formation of calcium carbonate sediment and the upper layer of the clarified solution.

These liquids are exactly the sodium hydroxide required by Tang Yi.

Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as fire base, is an important chemical raw material and is extremely corrosive.

Tang Yi carefully used the porcelain bowl to leave the liquid, for fear of a little slip.Once the fire base is exposed to the skin, it will break down the fat in the skin, and the fire is more serious than sulfuric acid.

Pour the left-out sodium hydroxide solution into a hot oil pan and stir well, and a saponinated reaction will occur.

Stir the oil pan evenly, and the next thing is to wait.Tang Yi was not idle, and the halogens that Mab was coming to grind and stir with water.

The halogen block is actually a hard block made of salt halogen water evaporation and curing.Old sex collected the halogen in the salt field, shipped to the whole country, after the water was dissolved, it was reduced to brine, that is, the brine of the brine of the brine point tofu.

Tang Yi uses brine, mainly because this thing contains an ingredient, which is difficult to synthesize artificially at present.

It is hydrochloric acid.

Modern chemical industry, the most important chemical raw materials "three acids and two bases", triacid refers to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid; two bases refers to sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.

Among them, the two alkali dotangs can be prepared by earth.However, the preparation of three strong acids is not so easy, the simplest way is to use natural hydrochloric acid in brine.

At this time, the lard in the pot has begun to react, and the top layer of the oily yellow soap begins to gradually solidify.

Tang Yi hastened to pick the pure soap that has not yet been completely solidified, and the largest part of the surface is removed, adding the pre-prepared rouge powder to stir and let, which is soap after solidification.

However, there is no treatment of lard soap, there will be a smell of oil, even after the soap, no one is willing to use it to get a lard smell.And add rouge to cover the oil, is the easiest way.Of course, Tang Yi can also extract the essential oils in the flowers and fruits to make the soap more fragrant.But now there is limited time, and it can only be used with cochineal.

After finishing the soap, there is still some turbid soap and the underlying alkaline waste liquid left in the pot.

If it is written in the novel, this thing is useless, you can throw it away, but Tang Yi did not.

He put the middle turbid things out and put them in a basin.The ingredients are mainly lard and impurities that are completely final, as well as a small amount of soap.Don added the well-stocked water to it and stirring it hard.

Not long after, the lard in the basin changes again and gradually solidifies.

Tang Yi looked at the oily lard and couldn't help but feel satisfied.Although there has been no creation reaction in the past life, but knowledge is really power!

Add fire base to the lard, after the reaction will get soap, add hydrochloric acid, will produce another substance.

Wax, that is, the candle used for lighting in people's homes.

Because the sodium hydroxide solution added can not be excessive, there will always be some fat response is not enough.Using this part of the fat for acidic reaction wax, not only to avoid waste, and made wax than the wax now used on the market is better quality, only for the best butter wax wax.

The Maber family, and Sun Langzhong, looked at Tang Yi's busy before and after half a day, and now he saw that he finally stopped, and couldn't help but ask:

“What is the Lord doing?”

Tang Yi pointed to a pot of proud words: "This pot called 'soap' laundry bath has the effect of cleaning."The other is wax."

Sun Lang did not know what the soap was, but crouched in front of the wax basin and asked curiously: "Is this what wax came out of?"

Tang Yi asked Aunt Ma to take a piece of cotton thread and use a tea bowl to make a candle on the spot to make a candle.

"How about it?"Lightless?”

He looked at the yellow flame.“It’s better than the oil lamp.”

Maber stared at the wonder above the flame: "It's as if there's not a lot of smoke."

Tang Yiha laughed, of course, not big, there are much less impurities in the oil wax, so the flue gas is much smaller than the general wax.

"If this wax is taken out and sold, it should be sold for a good price."Maber began to calculate, this time with less than four pounds of lard, a small half of the pot of wax ... in the end is not cost-effective.

Tang Yi pointed to the pot of soap, "This pot of soap is more valuable than oil wax!"

People do not know the benefits of soap, and they will doubt the faith.

Ma Dawei pointed to the half-pot waste liquid in the pot and said, "Can this be poured down."

“Can’t fall!”Tang Yiyu said, “This is the real baby compared to soap and wax!”

. . .

Every time in the past life, I saw these saponified waste thrown away in the novel, Tang Yi would just leave his mouth.

The most valuable thing in the saponinated reaction is that they all throw it away...

As a chemical student, Tang Yi knows better than anyone that these waste liquids contain a hundred times more precious than soap and wax!A thousand times the substance –

Glycerin!

Glycerine is a colorless sweet and clear viscous liquid.It is an extremely important chemical raw material, and its use covers almost all of the chemical fields.

It is used in food processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics manufacturing, industrial machinery lubrication, organic synthesis, plasticization and so on.

At the beginning of the 20th century, glycerin was the main raw material for the manufacture of explosives.

Such a baby thing.Isn't it a pity to throw it?

As long as Tang Yi extracts glycerin from the saponinized waste liquid, it is not difficult to rely on this thing alone to earn a college for Fan Zhonghun!

After a simple dilution clarification, Tang Yi used sweet water to extract glycerin from the waste liquid.

In fact, artificial glycerin was synthesized in the previous life until the 1980s, and the previous glycerin was refined by saponification of animal and plant oils.This half-pot waste liquid contains about 10% pure glycerin.

Excluding alkaline sediment glycerin sweet water, light yellow, and stinking, Sun Langzhong and others really do not understand, Tang Yi wants these stinking water what is the use of...

I saw Tang Yi slowly pour the stinking water into the filter altar that had been done well for a long time.

Not much time...

There is a slow flow of water in the bottom of the altar, which is quite surprising that it is not yellow water, but a clear and transparent liquid!

Tang Yi looked at the clear flow gradually out, as if he was looking at a hanging copper money pouring out of the fine tube!As long as simple distillation, extract pure glycerin, then his fortune plan will even have a fall.

...

The application of glycerin is very wide, but at present, Tang Yi can think of the most practical, the most profitable way is to use glycerin as a food additive!

It is a wine additive!

The Song Dynasty practiced the official system of alcohol.Except in the official palace in the main shop and restaurant is not allowed to make wine.And all the foot shops can only go to the main store or the official wine office but buy the wine song, and then sell.

But this system does not include cider!Although the court held the right to operate food and wine tightly, it did not restrict the people from making fruit and wine.

It is not that the government does not pay attention to the income of cider, but because the brewing level of cider in this era is very poor, the cider produced is full and bitter and astringent, and it is not that the poor can not afford rice wine.

Even bitterness has become synonymous with wine.

The Song people only use fruit for winemaking, as long as the fruit is rich in backlogs before they are made... and the price of fruit wine is also very low.Basically unprofitable.

Where to understand, in fact, all fruits contain a substance called danine, monine is the fruit in the bitter taste and astringent all the sources, no matter which kind of fruit fermentation after the monine can not be decomposed, left in the wine, the natural wine taste is bitter and astringent extremely difficult to drink.

And the key to removing tannins!It's glycerin!

Glycerine can break down the tannins in the cider and effectively remove the bitter taste in the wine.And because of the warm and sweet taste of glycerin, it can greatly improve the quality and taste of fruit wine.It is an excellent additive!

The Song people drank light wine, as long as the bitterness of the wine was removed, and then the wine filter was clarified.That sweet and clear wine will definitely become the most popular wine in the big Song!

Can you make a library just for this point of glycerin?

. .